1. Title --> Variables
“Improving The Students’ Vocabulary Mastery With The Jakarta Post Newspaper Articles”
By the title, we could know the variables that is used in the study.Variables inside of this title are “The Students’ Vocabulary Mastery” as the Independent Variable because it influences the dependent variable and “The Jakarta Post Newspaper Articles” as the dependent Variable because it is influenced by the independent variable. Through the variable we could know and guess the problem that would like to solve by the researcher. The problem in this study is students’ vocabulary mastery inside of the classroom activity that would be solved by giving the Jakarta post newspaper articles. The Jakarta post newspaper articles should be explain inside of the study.
Based on the title of the thesis, it should be put to be more specific place of the research. Because every single research will be different from other. Even sometimes we found that it only the subject that different from the other research.
2. Assumption and Hypothesis
Assumption : it will make the students interested in learning when they are provided with newspaper articles such as economic report, business news, and other recent news occur in the world.
Since the assumption means as the belief of the researcher, in this research the researcher believe that giving newspaper articles inside of the class will improve students’ interest because it contains economic report, business news, and other recent news occur in the world that will have effect in the vocabulary that students’ mastery.
Hypothesis : there is significant influence of the Jakarta post newspaper articles toward the students’ vocabulary mastery at the second grade of MTs. Al-Khairiyah Jakarta Selatan.
It is called as theoretical hypothesis.
3. Research problem
The problem inside of the research is the students should have new ways to improve their vocabulary. Because the way that the teacher used make the students feel bored, demotivated and other. And then the researcher give the Jakarta post newspaper articles as the solution of the new way that students’ need.
4. Research question
By those explanation above, the researcher purpose the research question as “Is there a significant influence in the mastery of the students’ English vocabulary by using the Jakarta post newspaper articles at second grade of MTs. Al-Khairiyah Jakarta Selatan?”

Variables : English Comics is Independent Variable because it influences the dependent variable.
Improve Students’ Ability in Story Telling becomes dependent variable because it is influenced by English comics as an Independent Variable.
(The Case of 8th Year Students of SMPN 1 Bojong Pekalongan in the Academic Year 2006/2007) becomes controlling variable because it could be discrete non-manipulated data to consider the sex, age of students etc.

Assumption    : English is an important means of communication, which is used by many countries in this world. It plays an important role as an international language. This is why the Indonesian government chooses English as the first foreign language to be taught in schools (Ramelan, 1992:3).

Comment    : The assumption above should be more specific. Because if we look the title is concerning to improve students’ ability in story re-telling, the writer should be given additional in the assumption that English comic is a one of strategy to improve students’ speaking in delivering stories confidently in public.

Hypothesis    : English is introduced as a compulsory subject to be taught from the seventh year of Junior High School up to the twelfth year of students and as a local content subject in Elementary school.

    One of such the methods is story retelling. Generally, story retelling is liked by the students because they like stories. It is also an appropriate method for the students at their age.

Comment    : based on the title that it is focus on improve students’ story re-telling by English comic. But, the writer does not state the big important thing that it is used in the research. It is English comics. So, better in the writer’s hypothesis. The writer should state the English comics as a big factor that the writer applies in the research to improve students’ in story re-telling.

Research Problem : English learning problems can take place both at home and at school.
At school, the problems may appear when the class consists of a big number of students. The noisy class does not only disturb the students who really want to study, but also influence the students’ concentration to the subject given in class. The condition like this can make the students feel bored and do not like to study. At home, the problems may appear when they recall the subjects from school and they still do not understand the lesson and none of the people at home can help them. If this condition continues they will feel very bored and not interested in studying English. In this case, the 2-teacher’s role is very important, that is to encourage them to study harder and better.

In addition, students’ problems are not only from the classroom environment but also from the students themselves. The reality we often see is that, in fact, many students master the theory better than practice. For example, in speaking, they may have the knowledge of how to speak, but in practice they find difficulties. They lack self-confidence. To build their confidence, students need more practice so that teachers are suggested to create and use interesting method.

Comment    : the problem is not correlate with the title that the writer’s show. Because the writer’s is focus on to improve their ability in story re-telling. But, the writer’ explain the student’s problem based on environment or their daily habit in the class. Better if the writer show the students’ problem, for instance: the students feel lazy to re-tell the story because the teacher often use academic book, not the book that they love like, comics, novel etc.

1. Title (variable)
“The language attitude of students English department UIN Sunan Kalijaga towards English”
Variable
A. The language attitude
Independent variable “the language attitude” is the core of this research. Therefore, it is included as independent variable that could not be changed with other variable, because it has correlation with the goal of the research.
B. Students English department UIN Sunan Kalijaga
Discrete variable “Students English department UIN Sunan Kalijaga” is the categorize people in a group so students English department UIN Sunan Kalijaga is included on discrete variable.
C. English
Dependent variable “English” is included on dependent variable, because it depends on independent variable. For instance if the language attitude as independent variable, the dependent variable could be English, Bahasa Indonesia, Arabic, etc.
2. Assumption and hypothesis
a. Hypothesis
The writer wants to prove a hypothesis about language attitude of English course and universities. “The students’ attitude of English course is considered higher than that of students university.”

Based on my understanding toward hypothesis that simply we may say as researcher’s prediction. In this thesis it does not show good hypothesis. Because the hypothesis that is stated on this research closely like an assumption.
b. Assumption
“The result of the research will help the students to understand how they should do into the subject of their study.”

Based on definition of assumption that simply known as researcher’s belief. The assumption that is written in this research does not show a correct assumption. It is closely like a hypothesis.
3. Research problem
a. How is the attitude of students English Department UIN Sunan Kalijaga towards English?
b. How do students apply their attitude towards English in daily life?
c. What is the students’ orientation which influences students’ attitude towards English?

These three research problems actually have followed the criteria of a good research based on Adnan:2016. (1) there is no ambiguity on these research problems. (2) they also explain the relationship between variables. (3) By reading these research problems the reader has known what variables are involved. (4) The design of this research must reflect to research problem, but in this point I cannot reflect between design of the research and also research problem. (5) they also relate to hypothesis of the research.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS ON RECOUNT TEXTS THROUGH THE USE OF DIALOGUE JOURNAL WRITING OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA IT ABU BAKAR YOGYAKARTA IN
THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2012/2013
By:  Arina Muflikhati

1. The variable is ‘Improving Students’ Writing Skill’, it is Discrete Variable. This research is Classroom Action Research, so I could conclude that it is non-manipulated.
The word ‘Improving Students’ Writing Skill’ is also Independent variable, because it becomes the core variable. Therefore, the dependent variable is the word ‘The Use of Dialogue Journal Writing’ and also ‘The Tenth Grade Students of SMA IT Abu Bakar Yogyakarta’, because they were depended on and adjust to the independent variable.

2. The assumption
       ‘The students’ abilities in writing which were different from one to the other caused the class in chaos when they were asked to write’
In this assumption we believe that the students have ability to write a recount text, but unfortunately their abilities are different.

3. The Hypothesis
       ‘The main purpose of Dialog Journal Writing (DJW) is to build students’ writing habits which can improve their writing skills and performances in classroom’
In this study the researcher aimed to know how effective the ‘Journal Writing’ in in building the students’ writing recount text. This Hypothesis is called ‘Theoretical Hypothesis’, because the researcher would like to find the quantitative data.

4. The Research Problem:
First, this is from the student’s point of view. They were confused of what to write and how to begin writing because they hardly wrote in English and they also could not fill the requirements (grammar, spelling, vocabulary, sentence and text organizations, and punctuation).
Second, this is from the teacher’s point of view the teacher spent too much time on jokes and trivialities to amuse the students. However, the knowledge which was supposed to be delivered did not arrive to the students. The teacher also did not give the students opportunities to practice the language. There were no activities on tasks and practices.

Here I would like to analyze a bachelor thesis written by Robiatul Adawiyah entitled Improving Students’ Writing Recount Text Ability through Project-Based Learning.  From the title above, we could take an underline on two variables; both are Students’ Writing Recount Text Ability and Project-Based Learning. We could see that the researcher were trying to propose a teaching method in a learning process (which is Project-Based Learning Method) to improve students’ writing ability (which is Writing Recount Text Ability). So the independent variable which gives the impact or treatment to give some effect or improvement is the Project-Based Learning as the learning method; while the dependent variable which affected or being improved is the Students’ Writing Recount Text Ability.

The researcher stated that project-Based Learning helps students comprehend in writing recount text with joyful learning atmosphere (page 3) as his assumption. We assume this statement as the assumption of the research as it is connected to one of the identification of problems. We hesitate about our opinion to the assumption because it seems like a hypothesis which tries to predict and depict a solution, while this statement comes in the beginning after the background. Then we couldn’t find other clear statement about hypothesis which is connected to the formulation of the problem.

In the research question, the researcher formulated her problem into “can PBL (i.e.) Pop-Up Book improve students writing recount text skill?” based on a research conducted by Adnan in 2014 about common mistakes in classroom action research, the research problem should contain the problems to be solved and the strategy to be solved and the strategy to be developed to solve the problems. in this research, the researcher tries to develop the PBL. So the question by be better changed as; "How can PBL (i.e) Pop-Up Book improve students writing recount text skill?" Then it might continued by the assumption as; "PBL (i.e.) Pop-Up Book significantly can improve students writing recount text skill." Then it followed by a hypothesis as; "Students writing recount text skill is significantly improved by using PBL (i.e.) Pop-Up Book."

We glad to have some questions and discussion regarding to this article. If you have some corrections and comments, just may give response next. Thank you for reading my article.

Title:
TEACHING ENGLISH CONCRETE NOUNS USING PICTIONARY GAME (An Experimental Study with the Fourth Graders of SDN 01 Donowangun Talun Pekalongan in the Academic Year of 2010/2011)
Variables:
Continuous variable => TEACHING ENGLISH CONCRETE NOUNS USING PICTIONARY GAME
Comment: in this continuous variable, it needs more specific explanation. Like the adjective modifier very and more. For instance, very high, very fast, very good, very influence, or taller, faster, bigger, better. So, we do not understand the target of this research.
Suggestion: probably it can be changed with THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING ENGLISH CONCRETE NOUNS USING PICTIONARY GAME
Predictor variable => An Experimental Study with the Fourth Graders of SDN 01 Donowangun Talun Pekalongan in the Academic Year of 2010/2011
Comment: in this predictor variable, it is good enough because she attached the specific object which will be observed.
Suggestion: for the suggestion. Probably it will be better if the word (Fourth Graders) changed by the specific grade. It will be easily to understand.
Assumption:
1. Teaching vocabulary is important for students of any levels and it needs suitable strategy in order to achieve the teaching aims.
2. Pictionary game and non-Pictionary game is appropriate for teaching beginners.
Comment:
For the first assumption which assumed by the researcher is quite good. Because she attached the specific teaching that is TEACHING VOCABULARY. But in my opinion, it will be better if the researcher changed it, like in her subject (TEACHING ENGLISH CONCRETE NOUNS)
For the second assumption that is very good. There is no part that should be changed.
Hypothesis:
The use of Pictionary game technique is more effective to facilitate the students’ learning on English passive voice than non-Pictionary game.
Comment: The hypothesis here is good. The criteria of making hypothesis have already completed. Such as,
The media, The use of Pictionary game technique
The aim, more effective to facilitate the students’ learning
The study.  English passive voice than non-Pictionary game.
Research Problem:
The problem that will be investigated through this study is: “Is using Pictionary game effective to facilitate students’ learning English concrete nouns in the fourth graders of SDN 01 Donowangun?”
Comment: in research problem, the researcher did not state like in hypothesis stated. However, research problem comes after the hypothesis. In hypothesis stated “the students’ learning on English passive voice than non-Pictionary game.” But, in research problem is same with the title itself.

This following tittle is thesis of Hongkam Vongxay (2013) who wrote his thesis to fulfil the requirement for master degree in the Institute of Technology – Unitec, Laos. Here is the thesis;
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNICATIVE
LANGUAGE TEACHING (CLT) IN AN ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT IN A LAO HIGHER EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION: A CASE STUDY

1. The tittle above shows us that there two of variables which are examined by the researcher,
- Communicative Language Teaching is the first variable which defined as independent variable
- An English Department In a Lao Higher Educational Institution is second variable which defined as dependent variables
Analysis:
- First variable is defined as the independent variable because this variable is actually give influences to other variable, it give such impact or effect which probably will rouse another revelation.
- Second variable is defined the dependent variable. First of all, the reason why those statement “An English Department In a Lao Higher Educational Institution” is counted as one variable because that statement is actually one context so English department is main variable which is being specified by Lao Higher Educational Institution, so the core that discussed is students of English department of Lao Higher Education Institution.
Furthermore, it is called as dependent variable is because this variable is influenced by the first variable. What factors might promote or hinder toward the implementation of communicative language teaching (CLT) in an English department in a Lao higher educational institution.
2. Hypothesis is not clearly state by the researcher because in the arrangement of a case study, hypothesis is not specifically placed. However, the researcher is assumed CLT could give contribution to overcome Lao students and society obstacle dealing with language acquiring, it prove to the abstract of researcher. This following statement is quoted originally from the researcher,
“The findings indicated that the factors that affected the implementation of CLT in the Lao Context related to teachers’ factors include: misconceptions of CLT, traditional grammar based teaching approach, teachers’ English proficiency and lack of CLT training. The issues raised from students include: students’ low English proficiency, students’ learning styles and behaviors, and lack of motivation to develop communicative competence. Other difficulties caused by educational system were: the power of the examination, class size, and insufficient funding to support CLT and the last factors caused by CLT itself was: the lack of CLT interaction in society and school. The study also provides a range of practical recommendations for the faculty deans, senior managers at higher educational institutions, ministry educators and policy-makers to further improve implementation of CLT and to help ensure the success in implementing this approach in Lao higher educational institutions”.

3. There are three research questions or research problem that assessed by the researcher. Those are:
1) What are Lao tertiary English teachers’ interpretations of CLT in the Lao context?
2) How do they implement it in their classrooms?
3) How do they evaluate the value of CLT in their teaching?
Analysis:
It is crystal clear and correct research problem because in the beginning (background and abstract) researcher have mentioned that he wants to investigate CLT and the teacher perception toward CLT. No ambiguities of those research problem. Those research problem also has been represented what the researcher are going to assess.

Name : Ahmad Izzul Haqqi
Nim    : 150121003
Course : Research Method
Topic    : Analyze the bachelor thesis (Title,assumption and Research problem)

IMPROVING THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS’ READING SKILL
THROUGH SQ3R TECHNIQUE IN SMPN 1 JOGONALAN IN THE
ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2013/2014

By : Adhitiya Rachman Prasutiyo

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA
2014

In this occasion I would like to analyze a bachelor thesis that made by Adhitiya Rachman Prasutiyo( the bachelor degree of UNY). The things that I’d like to analyze here are:
Title      Variables
Assumption and hypothesis
Research problem
1. Title (Variables)
From the title” Improving the eighth grade students’ reading skill
technique in smpn 1 jogonalan in the academic year of 2013/2014” the researcher uses the continuous variable because it’s very clear that the researcher want to improve the student’s reading skill. For the dependent variable here is “The Eighth Grade Students’ Reading Skill” and the independent variable here is “through SQ3R technique”. So we can say that the dependent variable is the subject of the research and the independent variable is the values that can be changed or controlled in a given model or equation (technique that the researcher use).

2. Assumption and Hypothesis
Assumption
“Reading is one of the important skills in English. Reading plays a role in understanding any written texts in order to get some information from the texts. Students need to have a good reading skill because they have to understand what they read. A good reading skill will lead them into a good understanding of the content of the texts such as, passages, articles, or even books written in English.”
The assumption here is stated that the factual of reading and it is one of the important thing to master the English especially in reading.
Hypothesis
“to acquire English successfully, students have to master four
language skills. Those are reading and listening as the receptive skills and writing and speaking as the productive skills. The receptive and productive skills are connected to each other. For example, to have a good writing skill, students need to develop their reading skill first.”
3. Research problem
First problem:
“many students had low skills in reading. They still found
many difficulties in reading”
Second problem:
“The researcher found that it was difficult for the students
to understand the content of the texts and to get any information from the texts clearly
by themselves.”

1. Tittle
THE USE OF ENGLISH CHILDREN SONGS AS MEDIA TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ENGLISH VOCABULARY POWER IN NOUN (A Classroom Action Research with the Fifth Grade Students of MI Miftahul Ulum Sekuro Jepara in the Academic Year of 2010/2011)
According to the tittle above the researcher take two variable those are [THE USE OF ENGLISH CHILDREN SONGS AS MEDIA] as a dependent variable and [TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ENGLISH VOCABULARY POWER IN NOUN] as an independent variable and (A Classroom Action Research with the Fifth Grade Students of MI Miftahul Ulum Sekuro Jepara in the Academic Year of 2010/2011) as controlling variable.

2. A. Researchers’ Assumption
Beside teachers must manage the classroom teachers should have strategy to teach young learners may be teachers when teach young learners using some media for example song, picture, realia, etc to make children more interested to the subject.

Based on thus statement the researcher show us his assumption.

Therefore, by mastering it, they will be able to communicate their ideas clearly, understand passages, and make simple composition. If the students learn adjective, verb, and adverb without learning noun, they will get difficulties because even a simple sentence which is grammatically correct has a set of nouns.

After the researcher quoted, he believe that mastering vocabularies will be able to communicate each other clearly.

B. The hypothesis
Based on the fact above, it is important to analyze the children’s problem in vocabulary and also apply this method that can overcome the problem. This research will help the teacher to find method that can reduce the children’s problem.

3. Research Problem
MI Miftahul Ulum is a school located in Mlonggo Jepara. The condition of students’ English skills is low. This is caused by several factors such as limited library collection and most of the teachers used conventional method in teaching learning process. In addition, the environment of school does not support to study English because students believed that English is a hard subject to be studied.
Thus are the problems that taken by the researcher.